Category Archives: Uncategorized

Moving to Linux — File Systems

As far as I can see, almost the entire computer industry was created to cater to grifters and lazy authors of manuals. Way back in Windows 3.1 they used the primitive FAT32 file system to ‘format’ old ‘spinning disk’ hard drives (and modern computers use persistent solid state hard drives — which can be 35⛌ faster, enabling people to back data up in less than hours). And IIRC they used FAT32 until Windows XP (from DOS until Windows 98). Windows XP moved to NTFS (New Technology File System). There are now (in T251016) three file systems that are of most concern — NTFS, ext4, and exFAT. (Computers will not work with ‘bare’ unformatted drives.)

The latest Windows versions (so far as I know) still use NTFS. Most modern Linux uses the ext4 file system, which must be safer because each and every directory (so-called ‘folder’), and file comes with ‘permissions’ so only its ‘owner’, or ‘group’ or (all) ‘others’ can execute programs, or write to it, or even read it (via passwords if not for ‘others’). With Windows OS one can only open a (very limited) ‘Administrator’ whole-machine mode to access (certain) special files and directories.

The exFAT file system is a modern version of the old, bizarrely limited FAT32, which can read and write to the Windows NTFS, Linux ext4, and Mac OS systems. It will ‘flatten’ ext4 files and directories (sometimes needing an ‘owner’ permission) so (all) ‘others’ can mess with them, so a few must be backed up on ext4 or else some Linux programs will reject them (this is unusual for most user files which ‘others’ can use). Unlike NTFS and ext4, exFAT lacks ‘journaling’, so if the power goes out during a write it may take a long time to repair some data.

People often get confused by the Linux ‘command line interface’ (CLI), But with user-friendly Linux (like MX Linux) only about six ‘commands’ will ever be used. Lazy authors will make it seem like the ‘cd’ command somehow affects the whole machine, when it only affects the operation of the CLI itself, for example.

You probably need two USB 3 to SATA Adapters, and also two persistent solid state hard drives so you can move data back-and-forth because data (on all consumer types of drives) is said to fade away about (maybe) three years after it is written (but just reading it causes no degradation).

I hope all this makes some things clearer.

Moving to Linux — Backing Up Data

I have told some people that I would help them move to Linux from the evil/insane, and soon-to-be uninstallable-for-many Windows 11. This turns out to be quite a lot of people, so I will attempt to get them started via my blog. I know of three realistic choices: my favorite ‘MX Linux’ which is derived from the hard-to-use ‘Debian Linux’, ‘Ubuntu Linux’, also derived Debian Linux, and ‘Linux Mint’ derived from Ubuntu, which mitigates some of Ubuntu’s peculiar quirks, and probably most resembles Windows.

However, before one gets started, one surely needs to back up their existing data! You probably need to do this any case. I think the easiest way to do this is to buy a good USB-to-system-disk (SATA III ) adapter, plus a quality SATA III SSD drive. I would not format it with the Windows NTFS, nor the Linux ext4, which are sophisticated but may create some issues. I would just format the whole drive with ‘exFAT’ (really old Linux may require installation of ‘exfat-fuse exfat-utils’ to use it). It will also work in Windows. You might need someone with Linux to do this formatting.

Now here are a few things that might possibly spare you some confusion.

People sometimes use gigabytes (GB) units, but in other situations use gibibytes (GiB) units to measure storage capacity. The main difference between these units is that a gigabyte is a multiple of 10 and a gibibyte is a multiple of 2. One gigabyte (GB) equals 109 = 1000,000,000 bytes of data, while one gibibyte (GiB) equals 230 = 1,073,741,824 bytes of data. They are nearly the same since 1000,000,000/1,073,741,824 = about 0.93. The reason for this is that humans use base 10 arithmetic, but computers use base 2 arithmetic. You can almost always ignore this difference.

Solid state drives (SSDs) can achieve read speeds up to 35 times faster than traditional spinning disk hard disk drives (HDDs). You will very likely find yourself searching for information on a disk. My computer took a whole day to find something on an HDD.

All storage eventually fails, including SSDs, HDDs, tapes, CDs/DVDs, etc. This happens regardless of whether the media is in-use or not. For consumer-grade SSDs, data retention typically ranges from 1 to 5 years without power under normal storage conditions, i.e., at a temperature of around 30°C. The cooler the temperature the longer data remains uncorrupted.

Flash memory can be read any number of times without any wearing-out issues. However each flash memory cell within a consumer-grade SSDs can typically endure from 500 to 3,000 write cycles before reaching their end of life. But good SSDs contain circuitry that automatically distributes data to minimize the reuse of their memory cells.

I buy through eBay.com. For a really fast USB-to-system-disk (SATA III) adapter (they’re still cheap so buy two so you can refresh your data yearly):
USB 3.0 to SATA Adapter for Hard Drive 2.5″ 3.5″ HDD SSD with 12V 2A Power
https://www.ebay.com/itm/224060531713

For SSDs I think Kingston is pretty good (consider how much you need to back up, maybe buy two since the price will likely go up; I would get the good one):
Kingston SSD 2.5” SATA III
https://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_dkr=1&iconV2Request=true&_blrs=recall_filtering&_ssn=memorydiscounters&store_cat=0&store_name=memorydiscounters&_oac=1&_nkw=kingston_ssd

Now you can install without fear, or just back up. Every install is likely a bit different. Have fun.

Voting Systems by RKJoyce, 9/13/24

(*240913)
Voting Systems
by RKJoyce, 9/13/24

‘1.| All voting systems can be very neatly divided into two distinct phases. There is first a balloting system that specifies the manner in which votes are granted. Then there is a tabulation system that specifies the manner in which the votes are counted or evaluated. Of course these two systems must be compatible. Both the balloting and the tabulation systems should maximally avoid complexity, which always exacerbates tampering, vote thievery, and general system insecurity.

‘2.| Well-nigh all voting systems that have been utilized up to the present time have been severely deficient, and have failed to yield good governance. This is partially due to almost universal shallowness of understanding on the part of voters in general. However it is mostly due to the employment of severely deficient voting systems.

‘3.| Presumably the worst problem which plagues the vast majority of voting systems in the United States is the rampancy of the spoiler effect, which compels voters to grant a vote to a perceived lesser evil contender instead of a truly preferred one, to avoid sacrificing their ability to reduce their potential to prevent the victory of a greater evil contender.

‘4.| The concept of voter authority, which is the ability of a voter to influence the outcome of a political contest, should be considered. This is onerous to measure, and typically must be evaluated differently for differing voting systems. But it is useful for the contemplation of some aspects of voting. If each voter in the same contest must use the same ballot method we can consider the voters to all hold the same voter authority. However all of those voters lose some authority if manipulative redistricting or manipulative ballot design is imposed.

‘5.| Most commonly considered voting systems can be divided into two distinct types. One type is range voting, whereby voters can grant each of many contenders a range of number of votes. For example, the range could be from one vote to ten votes, and a voter could grant three votes to some contender, ten votes to another, and so on. In the tabulation all the votes would simply be added up, and the contender with the most votes would win. There is also a system called approval voting that can be called a type of range voting in a very narrow mathematical sense, but is realistically very different. It subjects voters to a double bind dilemma whereby the question of voting for lesser evil contenders becomes effectively undecidable .

‘6.| Another, very highly promoted system is ranked voting. Instead of granting each individual contender some number of votes, or none, voters are required to list their preferences sequentially, placing their most preferred contenders in the first place, or at the top, of a list, and placing their less preferred ones sequentially in the lower, second then third etc. places. Unless some contender wins immediately in the tabulation, the tabulation burden can become immense. Furthermore each individual ballot must be immediately sent to one single, central tabulation facility, unless some ineffectual methods that unrealistically increase local tabulation burdens are employed. This results in vast amounts of high information traffic. Also, the ballots themselves often must effectively be edited, resulting in further tabulation insecurity.

‘7.| We believe the very best system is trim range voting. With this, the voter uses the range voting system described above at ‘5.|, except that only five or four votes may be granted to contenders. The number of votes from one to three appear to be superfluous, and to add much to the tabulation burden. Five votes can still be granted to preferred contenders, and four to lesser evil ones.

—— finis ——

Riffs and Posts

[*231201]

‘0.|0 This post is here to provide a slightly technical description of this blog’s ‘riffs’ and ‘posts’ labeling method for finding posts and ‘riffs’ that remind readers of concepts and terms that relate to matters while they are being discussed. You can simply ignore these labels when they are not of help, and simply omit them in comments

‘1.|0 Various passages in the posts will be marked by ‘riffs’. These riffs are short labels that refer to passages that may provide requisite definitions and expositions. This labeling scheme is optimized to expedite the find function of word processors, and also reference to passages in printed documents.

‘2.|0 In each riff ”X.|Y’, ”X’ will be in base_10 notation and ‘.|Y’ will be in base_8 (i.e. octal) notation. This is because base-8 numbers are much easier to divide by 2. Note that 1/4 is expressed as ‘0.25’ in base 10, but 1/4 is expressed as ‘0.2’ in base 8, since base_10 1/4 = base_10 2.5/10 = ‘0.25’, but base_10 1/4 = base_8 2/8 = base_8 ‘0.2’.

Note that the digits ‘8’ and ‘9’ never appear in octal numbers. This riff marking scheme will serve us well. An example of a reference to a riff is (‘vide’ or ‘see’) ‘376.|4 [^200715] (see below).

‘3.|0 Nominally ‘dated’ designators such as ‘[^YYMMDD]’ will reference designatums (‘targets’) such as ‘[*YYMMDD]’, which will be placed in posts in order to simplify reader access. Blogging system-assigned (‘platform’ or infrasystem assigned) publication dates may differ from these author-assigned reference dates.

— — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Extra clues for those who would rather not have to recall 6th grade ‘number theory’ —

The so-called ‘numbers’ written on paper are actually just symbols for designating actual ‘designatums’ that are concepts in the abstract mathematics world, not the physical one. The symbol ‘479.25’ is a physical designator of an actual abstract mathematics world (real) number. So we can use differing ‘symbol systems’ to designate the various numbers of the mathematics world.

Base ten positive real numbers can be represented as:
(…C⛌103 + B⛌102 + A⛌10 + Ω⛌1 + a⛌(1/10) + b⛌(1/10)2 + c⛌(1/10)3…)

Base eight positive real numbers can be represented as:
(…C⛌83 + B⛌82 + A⛌8 + Ω⛌1 + a⛌(1/8) + b⛌(1/8)2 + c⛌(1/8)3…)

So (base 10) ‘479.25’ can be represented in base ten as:
4⛌102 + 7⛌10 + 9⛌1 + 2⛌(1/10) + 5⛌(1/10)2 + 0⛌(1/10)3 = base-10_479.25

And (base 10) ‘479.25’ can be represented in base eight as:
7⛌82 + 3⛌8 + 7⛌1 + 2⛌(1/8) + 0⛌(1/8)2 + 0⛌(1/8)3 = base-8_737.2

That was great fun, wasn’t it!

Survival in the Grip of Luxthralldom “c“

1:.0 Hypercrafting is a human way of dealing with the substances of the earth, and also of dealing with the minds of fellow humans. Luxthralldom is rather a condition of the human mind, created consciously, or perhaps even sometimes unconsciously, via the action of aristocratic minds over plebeian minds. It can arise anywhere, and one never knows exactly where. Let us imagine.

2:.0 Suppose upon the lovely break of one bright morning, you decide to open up a restaurant. You will need to convince people roaming around the street to ‘visit’ your restaurant, and actually, you know, buy food.

(To be continued…)

Exegesis of the Concept of Hypercrafting “b“

1:.0 Nothing beats an honestly narrated little anecdote for easing the reader into something that might mistakenly be expected to constitute a complex explanation, so…

While I was out shopping in town a few days ago, a bit of my little journey took me across an about 200 foot long parking lot. Heading into the parking lot I made one of those odd, very brief instant acquaintances with a nice young fellow who was doing time as a grad student at the local university. We got to talking for maybe a minute or two about some vague thing or other. When we reached the other end of the parking lot we came to an ill-kept grassy median strip, where I picked up a misshapen gritty rock about the size of a small coconut. I spoke to my new acquaintance “Isn’t that just the most beautiful car you’ve ever seen?” It was a sleek and sensuous brand-new bright red Corvette. This machine had a quality that surely transcended the concept of symmetry. It possessed a sort of perfection that effectively sneered at the grossness of the world that surrounded it. I told my acquaintance “I am now going to hurl this rock at the windshield of that beautiful new car.” Making as big of a show of it as I possibly could, I wound up a wild fling and hurled the rock through the windshield of the beautiful car, resulting in a virtual explosion of shattering glass, and a hole that was significantly larger that what I had expected.

As I said above, nothing beats an honestly narrated little anecdote for easing the reader… Unfortunately for you, the above anecdote was definitely not honestly narrated. More to the point, I made the whole thing up. I didn’t do that to you just because I don’t happen to like you.

2:.0 What are the differences between the gritty rock and the beautiful new car? Can you think of any? OK, then what is the most salient difference?

I think this question is more difficult than many would at first assume it to be. The rock was simply a less-than-primitive natural object. The beautiful new car was totally hypercrafted.

3:.0 Likely the most glorified and classic examples of the hypercrafting phenomenon are the great pyramids, such as those that line the Nile River in Egypt. The first thought that occurs to me is that these are art objects. The first creators of products of nigh on perfect precision were artists. Presumably most art is not hypercrafted, but rather it realistically portrays and intensifies the primitivistic aspects of the real world, or of some unreal world.

3:.4 What hypercrafting really imposes is near to absolute domination over the forces and substances of the raw natural world. This phenomenon often tends to be of a corruptive nature, because it often tends to levy unnecessary and gratuitous costs upon people who can least afford them.

4:.0 In the first decade of the 1900s the Ford Motor Company established the perhaps most recognized industry to produce interchangeable mass-produced precision machine parts for automobiles. Clearly these mass-produced precision components could be nothing less than hypercrafted. They could never be manually primicrafted by the relatively crude methods of the old-time horse-drawn carriage builders. And therefor nearly all of the mass-produced products that support the current life-style of the first world are hypercrafted to a fairly high degree. Many people living in the third world possess very few, if any, such hypercrafted mass produced products. Obviously the possession of hypercrafted products signalizes first world status.

5:.0 Clearly the most astute and intrepid trend analysts unanimously agree that the Western world is rapidly approaching a social and economic collapse. How will these former first world inhabitants respond when they find themselves bereft of all their status signaling hypercrafted possessions?

Hypercrafting “a“

1:.0 Perhaps we may begin with this odd poem I wrote a few years ago. Followed by an exegesis:

The World began with primicrafting.
Things made by crude hand.
Things for same purposes, but in shapes differing.
Crude implements meeting crude demand.
Then came the steel machines.
Sewing machines to ease the work at hand.
All Baroque to hide the maker’s schemes.
Then masscrafting.
New patterns they would strike.
Bored engineers adrafting.
Designings different yet alike.
The artists started hypercrafting.
Paintings not by human hand.
Than Nature they were more exacting.
Dominion was what they had planned.
Complete control was by their hand.
Make Nature bow to their command.
The poor schools do mind masscrafting.
The better schools do hypercrafting.
The super-rich get primicrafted.

I’ll furnish the exegesis shortly.

Article List

::: Election Methods Articles :::

Ranked Choice Voting: A Brilliantly Seductive Garden Path to Tyranny

::: Current Featured Article :::

Moving to Linux — Backing Up Data

Moving to Linux — File Systems

Survival in the Grip of Luxthralldom “c“

Exegesis of the Concept of Hypercrafting “b“

Hypercrafting “a“

::: Selection Of Other Articles :::

(None yet)

::: Extraneous Subject Articles :::

(None yet)

::: A Very Dark Novel :::

The Cryptoscenti

Community Survival Is Becoming More Relevant Each Day

Communities around the U.S.A. are woefully under-represented on the Internet.

This must change! Our communities must survive! The confusion has become overwhelming. Now is the time to get organized.

Help Out The Gulf Coast Oil Refugees!

Ad hoc BP-Disaster oil refugee sites are being formed on the Internet now. Some are much better than others. The “HELP GULF EVACUEES” forum is bullshit. It says:

Gulf Coast evacuees need to be self sufficient and able to work or contribute in some fashion to those person(s) who assist them.

But many refugees are going to be seriously sick, or old, or disabled. But these people don’t care!

Here is perhaps a better site:

Haven – A meeting place for those affected by the oil disaster and those willing to lend a helping hand.

I am also starting this page on this (soon to be upgraded to independent status) blog.

If you seek refugee assistance or can offer assistance, leave a comment at Haven, or here. Of course, the folks who assist and are assisted must know as much as possible about each other before becoming involved!