As far as I can see, almost the entire computer industry was created to cater to grifters and lazy authors of manuals. Way back in Windows 3.1 they used the primitive FAT32 file system to ‘format’ old ‘spinning disk’ hard drives (and modern computers use persistent solid state hard drives — which can be 35⛌ faster, enabling people to back data up in less than hours). And IIRC they used FAT32 until Windows XP (from DOS until Windows 98). Windows XP moved to NTFS (New Technology File System). There are now (in T251016) three file systems that are of most concern — NTFS, ext4, and exFAT. (Computers will not work with ‘bare’ unformatted drives.)
The latest Windows versions (so far as I know) still use NTFS. Most modern Linux uses the ext4 file system, which must be safer because each and every directory (so-called ‘folder’), and file comes with ‘permissions’ so only its ‘owner’, or ‘group’ or (all) ‘others’ can execute programs, or write to it, or even read it (via passwords if not for ‘others’). With Windows OS one can only open a (very limited) ‘Administrator’ whole-machine mode to access (certain) special files and directories.
The exFAT file system is a modern version of the old, bizarrely limited FAT32, which can read and write to the Windows NTFS, Linux ext4, and Mac OS systems. It will ‘flatten’ ext4 files and directories (sometimes needing an ‘owner’ permission) so (all) ‘others’ can mess with them, so a few must be backed up on ext4 or else some Linux programs will reject them (this is unusual for most user files which ‘others’ can use). Unlike NTFS and ext4, exFAT lacks ‘journaling’, so if the power goes out during a write it may take a long time to repair some data.
People often get confused by the Linux ‘command line interface’ (CLI), But with user-friendly Linux (like MX Linux) only about six ‘commands’ will ever be used. Lazy authors will make it seem like the ‘cd’ command somehow affects the whole machine, when it only affects the operation of the CLI itself, for example.
You probably need two USB 3 to SATA Adapters, and also two persistent solid state hard drives so you can move data back-and-forth because data (on all consumer types of drives) is said to fade away about (maybe) three years after it is written (but just reading it causes no degradation).
I hope all this makes some things clearer.
